The play is set in the drawing-room of Elena Ivanovna Popova's estate in the Russian countryside. Elena is a young widow who has been mourning the death of her husband for seven months. Due to her deep sorrow, she has isolated herself from society and has sworn to live the rest of her life in mourning.
One day, a rough and boorish man named Grigory Stepanovich Smirnov arrives at Elena's estate to collect a debt owed to him by her late husband. Smirnov demands payment immediately, but Elena explains that she cannot fulfill the debt until her steward returns from the town.
Smirnov becomes angry and refuses to leave until he gets the money. Elena, infuriated by his rudeness, tries to send him away, but he insists on staying until he is paid. The two engage in a heated argument, with Smirnov calling Elena a 'bear' and Elena berating him for his lack of manners.
As the argument escalates, Elena and Smirnov begin to discover their mutual stubbornness and strong wills. They find themselves oddly attracted to each other despite their initial animosity. Luka, Elena's elderly servant, tries to mediate between them but fails to bring peace.
In an unexpected turn of events, Smirnov confesses that he is falling in love with Elena, and she, in turn, admits her feelings for him. They both struggle with their emotions, as they are unaccustomed to such passionate feelings.
The play concludes with Smirnov proposing marriage to Elena, who initially rejects the idea but eventually gives in to her feelings and accepts his proposal. The two characters, who started off as adversaries, end up finding love and solace in each other's company.
'The Bear' is a short yet engaging play that explores themes of love, grief, and the unpredictable nature of human emotions. Chekhov's skillful use of humor and wit adds charm to the play while delving into the complexities of human relationship.